Public key infrastructure Essay Example for Free

Open key framework Essay Open key framework is game plans used to tie open keys with characters of particular client by methods for authentication of power. There ought to be one of a kind client character for each authentication of power. Foundation of restricting is through enlistment and issuance process which is done under human watch or programming at a testament of power contingent upon confirmation level. Enrollment authority guarantees this coupling where every client character, their authoritative, the open key and legitimacy conditions are made in a way that it can not be fashioned in the open key endorsements that are given by the declaration of power. Why Public Key Infrastructure Is Important Open key foundation empowers clients of unbound open systems for instance, web to secretly and safely trade information and cash by utilization of private and open cryptographic key pair acquired and shared through a confided in power. It additionally accommodates computerized authentication that is utilized to recognize an association or individual and catalog administrations used to store or disavow the endorsements. (Warwick, 1998 pp50-55). Open key framework empowers PC clients with no earlier contact to utilize data in broad daylight key in their open key endorsements to have the option to scramble messages to one another. It has a customer programming, shrewd cards, server programming, affirmations, lawful agreements and operational strategies. Open key framework empower parties in any discourse build up message trustworthiness and privacy without the requirement for trading any mystery data ahead of time and needn't bother with any earlier contact. Open key foundation underpins computerized marks that improve security of exchange, benefits that are basic, for example, authentication repudiation and approval, key reinforcement and recuperation. Refreshing key combines at the same time assists with limiting outstanding task at hand of organization for open key foundation. It likewise underpins cross affirmation which makes genuinely unified character through empowering combination among circles of trust. The other significance is that, it empowers clients to have huge correspondence; accomplices and buyers execute and convey in a powerful manner. It is dependable and savvy where it doesn't include utilization of immense measure of cash. Open key foundation framework is intently attached to big business index conspire when open key of representatives are put away along with his own subtleties for instance, telephone, email, division and area. This spares time in recovering the information that is required in light of the fact that once the name of representative is known; all the essential data concerning the person in question is effectively accessible in a similar spot. (Baum, 1998 pp 56-59). How It Relates To Information Technology (It) Security Correspondence security foundation work and oversee open key framework connect. It signs and oversees regular accreditation specialists that confirm open key framework. As data innovation security, foundation of correspondence security helps in creating specialized documentation and operational principles as for hazard and weakness investigation, examination of framework and systems security and item assessment in interview with strategy the executives divisions and authority as they identify with open key framework and applications that are connected. Data innovation security offer guidance and help strategy the board divisions and authority on norms of activity and specialized documentation. At the point when directors follow the counsel given to them, their areas of expertise will have the option to perform well and to the desires for association overall. They will help the worker in playing out their obligations so that toward the end they can accomplish quality work that brings the ideal outcomes. (Steven, 1998 pp 23-26). Key security administrations are given and specialized guidance to help usage, structure and activity of open key foundation and basic related components of framework. They create and furnish preparing which is specific as for powerlessness of systems, direct related innovative work and fitting alleviation methodologies. Data innovation keeps up and guidance design of by and large arrangement of open key foundation. It works and oversees consolidating innovation proving ground for supporting interoperability test between secure rising innovation applications and key open framework. Business requires making accomplices, clients and providers increasingly effective, requests methods of safely opening up systems and applications. They search for various methods of completing business so as to appreciate the advantage of business correspondence and trade gave by online channel openings which incorporates buyer web applications and colleague extranets. Confirmation arrangements have been exorbitant and lumbering before. There has been restricted expansion of these arrangements. With VeriSign, clients can move to a simpler and omnipresent all inclusive verification arrangement depending on VeriSigns administrations of security to offer high variety security for web and system assets. Overseen open key foundation quick track is utilized for ventures to make sure about little scope applications. Ventures can control giving of computerized testaments to interior and outside clients while preparing errands of re-appropriating information like age of advanced endorsement, recharging, approval and repudiation. (Steven, 1998 pp27-30). REFERENCES Warwick F. what's more, Baum M. (1998): open key foundation interoperation: Science and Technology Spring, pp50-59. Steven S. (1998): Incorporation by reference and open key foundation: VeriSign, pp23-30.

Essay Topics For Eurasia - Fundamentals of Economics

Essay Topics For Eurasia - Fundamentals of EconomicsThe first two essay topics for Eurasia focus on the three central ideologies of the world. These ideologies are communism, nationalism and capitalism. Based on the three core ideologies, the course will concentrate on what differentiates the communism from the nationalism, capitalism and what the West actually has to offer.One theme in this course is the desire for free markets, freedom and liberty. The first sentence will then tell the reader what is a free market, how free markets work and why they are needed. The importance of personal choice will be emphasized in the next paragraph. Free markets exist because people are able to choose what to do with their own lives, how to live and how to spend their money.In most free market economies, the government uses their taxing powers to set tariffs. This forces businesses to compete and in the end, they create more products and services. However, a capitalist economy requires the state to provide safety nets and make sure that the public is protected from predatory business practices. In most socialist economies, the government usually taxes on the rich to pay for the needy and destitute.National Socialism is a totalitarian state that uses forced labor, religious persecution and mass murder. The concentration camps and killings that occurred under National Socialism are still widespread in the world today. There are also many family units where generations are murdered by Stalin and others. Since so many loved ones were forced to leave their homeland, there is no one left to protect their property and families.The Cunard line of liners was shut down when the state government ordered that ships carrying the goods of Britain were bound for U.S. ports. The cargo was removed from their hold, put into storage in all American ports and sent back to Britain. Shipowners were asked to send the goods back because the British could not pay their bills. The ships were later used as Japanese war targets during World War II. Due to the lack of provisions, many crewmen died.Communism is a form of economic planning and control that eliminates the freedom of free-market competition. In China, they use forced labor and police state methods to keep the Communist Party in power. While communism may appear to be the answer to the struggles in the world today, the trend was actually started by Hitler and Mao Tse-Tung in Germany and Lenin in Russia.Many governments proclaim that the poor are always better off by supporting the people who need it with food and material things. But if the wrong individuals have access to these resources, there can be severe problems and human suffering. National socialism is yet another form of communism, which is good, as it keeps people together, but has led to many wars and political strife.In summary, this course will focus on the fundamentals of right strategies for developing well rounded skills, to identify the threats to ou r society, to develop academic skills, to analyze how we live in an increasingly divided world, to make the right decisions for the future and to develop good character. A humanities degree may not make you a genius, but it is crucial in your ability to be a productive citizen of this world. When you are done, don't forget to let the world know you are an international student!

Chemistry Essays Ethanoic Acid

Science Essays Ethanoic Acid The trademark smell of vinegar originates from the consideration of ethanoic corrosive. The trademark smell of vinegar originates from the consideration of ethanoic corrosive (CH3COOH), otherwise called acidic acid.â However, except if unadulterated refined vinegar is bought, with an ensured and expressed sythesis, there are different acids present in vinegar.â These include: citrus extract HOOCCh1C(OH)(COOH)Ch1COOH), malic corrosive (2-hydroxybutanedioic acid)â HOOCCH(OH)Ch1COOH lactic corrosive (2-hydroxypropanoic corrosive) CH3CH(OH)COOH tartaric corrosive †(CHOH)2(COOH)2 For the reasons for this examination the most unstable corrosive †ethanoic corrosive, is taken to be a proportion of the acidity.â An endeavor will be made to decontaminate the vinegar so it is for the most part the ethanoic corrosive that is contributing the acidic substance, however this can't be guaranteed.â Vinegars picked will be malt vinegar (A), red wine vinegar (B) and juice vinegar (C). Stage 1 †expelling the shading from the vinegar Materials required 100cm3 of Vinegar tests A to C. 3 volumetric carafes, named A to C (250 cm3) 3 tapered jars, marked A to C (250 cm3) Activated charcoal Metal spatula Glass mixing pole Filtration pipe Filter paper Technique Spot vinegar tests An in volumetric carafe An and include 1 spatula proportion of enacted charcoal.â Stir well utilizing clean glass rod.â Filter coming about blend through channel paper and pipe into funnel shaped jar named A. Continue utilizing vinegar test B with flagons named B; Likewise test C. Note that the filtration procedure may should be rehashed if shading stays in the vinegar.â If charcoal isn't completely expelled from blend at that point attractions filtration might be required. Stage 2 †refining the vinegar Because of the nearness of different acids and added substance to the vinegar the blend should be refined to decontaminate the blend to ethanoic corrosive and water. Materials required Refining section and isolating pipe Pear molded carafe Conical Flasks A to C from stage 1 Anti knocking granules Bunsen burner Heatproof tangle Clamp and stand Goggles Ice shower Universal pointer paper Pippette Strategy Add separated vinegar test A to a pear molded cup and set up refining segment above Bunsen, utilizing clip and stand.â Ensure all holes are very much fixed. Wash cone shaped cup A with refined water and use for assortment of distillate Arrange segment so distillate trickles into conelike flagon A, put in ice shower. Delicately heat blend in pear molded flagon until distillate starts to gather in funnel shaped flask.â Test to see when all unstable corrosive has been refined by setting drops of distillate onto all inclusive pointer and checking pH shading. At the point when pH enrolls more than 7 stop warming. Continue utilizing vinegar tests B and C utilizing clean mechanical assembly. Stage 3 †deciding the convergence of ethanoic corrosive Alternative A chromatography Materials Channel paper with pencil line drawn 2cm from base edge and pencil spots stamped and named at 2 cm interims along it Samples of ethanoic corrosive of known fixation eg 0.01 mol/dm3, 0.1 mol/dm3 and 0.05 mol/dm3 Glass recepticle Vinegar tests A to C Glass pipette Water tweezers Bromocresol green marker arrangement Household plant splash bottle gogglesMethod Place spots of known focus ethanoic corrosive on every one of the named pencil spots on the channel paper.â Place spots of vinegar tests A to C on remaining spots.â Place chromatogram in measuring glass with water up to 1 cm, ie underneath pencil line. Leave until water has spread  ¾ up channel paper.â Remove with tweezers and leave to dry. At the point when dry shower with bromocresol green arrangement from family plant splash bottle until paper is soggy however not sopping.â Dry chromatogram. Look at shade of marker of tests A to C to known centralizations of CH3COOH, the one nearest in shading would speak to the genuin e concentration.This strategy would not be picked in the last trial, as there is a ton of subjectivity to contrasting the colours.â Also the procedure of splashing the chromatogram isn't anything but difficult to ace. Choice B †titration utilizing sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Conditions and logical count system Ethanoic corrosive (CH3COOH) is a frail corrosive , which just separates incompletely in arrangement with water.â As a corrosive CH3COOH gives protons, which are acknowledged by water in answer for structure the hydroxyonium particle: CH3COOH (aq) + h10(l) ↠CH3COO-(aq) = H30+(aq) Sodium hydroxide is a solid base, so it separates completely in water: NaOH(aq) {+ h10 }↠Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) {+ h10} Note, that the water is adequately unaltered by the NaOH as the solid base separating causes an abundance of OH-, which would move the ordinary water separation balance h10 ↠H+ + OH to one side. At the point when titrated 1 mol of CH3COOH would respond with 1 mol of NaOH in a balance response to shape the salt and water: NaOH (aq) + CH3COOH(aq) ↠CH3COONa (aq) + h1O(l) Therefore if a known measure of a known grouping of NaOH is utilized to titrate a known volume of vinegar, the centralization of ethanoic corrosive in the vinegar could be determined as appeared in the model u nderneath: Molarity of arrangement x volume of arrangement = number of mols utilized. In the event that 23ml of NaOH is utilized to titrate 20ml of vinegar and Molarity x volume/1000 = no of mols utilized 1 x 23/1000 = 0.023mols of NaOH used to kill 20ml vinegar As 1 mol of NaOH is expected to kill 1 mol of CH3COOH then 20ml of the vinegar arrangement should likewise contain 0.023mols of CH3COOH. Utilizing molarity x volume/1000 = no of mols utilized with the information that is known: Molarity x 20/1000 = 0.023 x 1000 = molarity x 20 0.023 x 1000/20 = molarity = 1.15M Therefore the vinegar is of fixation 1.15M.However, it is known anyway that vinegar contains around 5% ethanoic corrosive in water.â Therefore it tends to be expected that the grouping of ethanoic corrosive would be nearer to 0.1 mol/dm3 than 1mol/dm3.â As 1mol of CH3COOH kills 1 mol of NaOH, it would along these lines be reasonable to utilize NaOH of 0.1 mol/dm3. Part I †normalization of soluble base NaOH arrangement left for any period of time incorporates gases that have diffused in from the air.â Therefore, so as to be sure that the focus is exact the salt ought to be recently blended quickly preceding use. Materials Sodium hydroxide (strong) Distilled water Measuring chamber Glass mixing pole Metal spatula volumetric flagon (1000 cm3) Strategy As NaOH has a molar mass of 40g/mol to make a 0.1 mol/dm3 arrangement 2.0g of NaOH(s) ought to be broken up in 500ml refined water in a volumetric flagon and mixed until dissolved.â Part ii titration of ethanoic corrosive with NaOH Materials Burette White tile Clamp and stand Funnel Conical jar (250cm3) Volumetric jar (250cm3) Phenolphthalein pointer arrangement Phenol red marker 0.1M NaOH arrangement Vinegar tests A to C Technique Fill clean burette with 0.1M NaOH arrangement. Spot 10cm3 of vinegar test An in funnel shaped jar with a couple of drops of phenolphthalein pointer. Add NaOH to vinegar test gradually, whirling jar to guarantee mixing.â Phenolphthalein will abandon dull to pink at the identicalness point (where the measure of moles of one reactant is sufficiently only to respond precisely with the deliberate measure of the other reactant) as there would be a similar measure of NaOH and CH3COOH present in the carafe, prompting a balance response, as clarified above.â It will be expected for this examination that the end point and comparability point are the equivalent. The examination would be rehashed with vinegar tests B and C.â The analysis would likewise be continued utilizing phenol red as an indicator.â This would be relied upon to change from yellow to red at the identicalness point . The measure of 0.1M NaOH utilized could be utilized to ascertain the grouping of ethanoic corrosive in every one of the examples, by means of the condition: Molarity x volume/1000 = no of mols utilized Hazard appraisal and wellbeing †synthetic compounds NaOH is an aggravation and can cause burns.â Ethanoic corrosive is a destructive agent.â Phenolphthalein is an aggravation and can cause consumes. Goggles and defensive dress ought to be worn throughout.â If substance comes into contact with the skin the region ought to be washed with a lot of clean running water.â If an enormous zone of skin is influenced or skin gives indications of consuming (eg redness/growing) clinical counsel ought to be looked for right away. On the off chance that compound comes into contact with the eyes wash out quickly with clean eye wash.â If concoction is ingested wash out mouth with clean water and look for clinical guidance right away. Try not to actuate retching as this may bring on additional harm. Try not to inhale exhaust of new NaOH solution.â Ideally examination should happen in a smoke cupboard.â If vapor are breathed in move promptly to a zone of new air.â in the event of trouble in breathing clinical exhortation ought to be loo ked for. Hazard evaluation and wellbeing hardware Burette ought to be loaded up with a pipe and ought not be above shoulder stature to dodge spillage. Goggles and defensive apparel ought to be worn when utilizing blazes. Long hair ought to be tied back and free dress attached safely when utilizing flames.Care ought to be taken when collecting refining hardware with the goal that breakage doesn't occur.â Particular consideration ought to be paid while embeddings one cylinder into another and this ought not be done in palm of turn if there should be an occurrence of slippage and conceivable harm to hand. References and Bibliography Daintith, J. (ed) 1990, A succinct word reference of science, second edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Harwood, P. Hughes, M. 2001, Acids and bases in Chemistry A2, eds. P. Harwood M. Hughes, second edn, Harper Collins, London, pp. 28-53. Chase, A. 2001, Physical Chemistry in A2 Chemistry, ed. A. Chase, first edn, Hodder Stoughton, London, pp. 6-86. McNeil, K. 2004, COSHH Standard Assessment for Work in Chemistry Research Labora

The Struggles of the Heroines in Wide Sargasso Sea and Jane Eyre - Literature Essay Samples

Antoinette Cosway in Wide Sargasso Sea and Jane Eyre in Jane Eyre are both relatively isolated women struggling to survive in a male-dominated society. Although both women are striving to attain similar goals of happiness, equality, and a sense of selfhood or identity, the former fails and the latter succeeds. Their divergent outcomes are due to the contrasting manners in which they attempt to achieve their goals and the different amounts of self-motivation and independence which they possess.Firstly, Jane and Antoinette are both in pursuit of the same Mr. Rochester, in addition to their similar goals of self-completion. The manner in which each woman attempts to achieve her goals, however, contrasts greatly.Antoinette attempts to achieve three qualities via Mr. Rochester. She is unhappy from her childhood, and at one point during her marriage to Mr. Rochester, she states that if he were to love her, she would be happy. Happiness, in turn, would help her to gain a sense of selfhood a nd equality, because it would give her the confidence to assert her identity and the courage to make herself Rochesters equal. So, Antoinette tries to force him to love her by drugging him and seducing him. Unfortunately, this act angers him so greatly that he becomes incapable of feeling love for her, and so she is rejected by him. This is her downfall she makes the mistake of becoming dependent on another person to complete herself and make her happy. In this way, she loses her independence. The loss of her independence, in addition to his rejection of her, causes her to lose her happiness, sense of selfhood, and equality.The way in which Jane attempts to achieve her goals is quite unlike the way in which Antoinette does. Instead of depending on another person to reach her goals, Jane depends on herself. She has an enormous amount of independence, which she has gained from her childhood. When she is very small, she is neglected by the family that raises her. During this time, she learns to satisfy herself by reading, drawing, and thinking. In this way she gains independence. During her time at Lowood she gains a sense of selfhood, because she begins to realize who she is as she grows and learns and becomes someone who people acknowledge as important, as opposed to someone who is ignored and mistreated, as she was in her former environment. When she becomes a governess and befriends Mr. Rochester, who treats her as an equal, she gains a sense of equality. Finally, when she is engaged and in love with Mr. Rochester, she has gained happiness this is implied the morning after he confesses his love for her, as she is dressing: I looked at my face in the glass, and felt it was no longer plain : there was hope in its aspect, and life in its colour. (259) Also, Mr. Rochester asks her repeatedly, Are you happy, Jane? and she answers repeatedly, Yes. (258)However, when it is revealed that Mr. Rochester has a wife already and, in a way, would be cheating Jane to marr y her, Janes happiness, sense of selfhood, and equality are all challenged. This is because, if Jane were to marry Rochester while knowing the marriage would not be real, she would not be happy; she would lose her faith in herself because she would have abandoned her morals, and she would have felt inferior to Mr. Rochester by doing whatever she had to do, giving up her values in this case, in order to be with him.This same thing happens to Antoinette when she fears that Mr. Rochester is not going to love her her happiness, sense of selfhood, and equality are all on the brink of being destroyed, so she looks to another person, Mr. Rochester, to restore them to her. This is why she fails to maintain them. Jane, however, does not. She knows that if her identity and self-satisfaction are in danger of being destroyed, she must get away from the thing which is challenging them. In the case of both women the thing that challenges them is Mr. Rochester Antoinette goes to him for a soluti on, but Jane leaves him for a solution. Jane goes on a sort of journey to rediscover herself she builds a new life in another town, where she unexpectedly finds a family and a place where she is content. She therefore completely regains whatever happiness, equality, and sense of selfhood which she has lost. Once she is fully recovered, she returns to Mr. Rochester, who no longer poses a threat to her feelings of pride and self-worth.The success of Jane and the failure of Antoinette are not solely based on the manners in which they attempt to achieve their goals. They are also based on the different amounts of self-motivation and independence which the women possess. The reason they possess different amounts of these qualities is due to their past experiences. The self-reliant and independent qualities which Jane gained from her childhood isolation caused her to become very self-motivated as well she believed she could achieve what she wanted, and so she did. Antoinette, on the oth er hand, experienced the same sort of isolation when she was young her mother ignored her and her father was dead. This situation was similar to Janes, but Antoinette had a different reaction to it. Whereas Jane became independent and self-reliant, Antoinette became lonely and discouraged, and came to believe that she was destined to be unhappy. She never really believed that she could really be happy, and though she tried to be with Mr. Rochester, she knew deep inside that she could never truly be. She, therefore, had barely any self-motivation due to unhappiness, and this was a component in her failure to achieve her goals.On the other hand, Janes self-motivation leads her to achieve her goals. She has the motivation to leave Lowood to become a governess, to win over Mr. Rochester, and then to leave him and find another place where she will be happy. When she is wandering with nowhere to go after leaving Thornfield, she does not give up she is motivated to push on and find a pla ce that will take her in. She has great self-motivation, most of which is due to the fact that she believes she can be and deserves to be happy, that she succeeds in achieving her goals.Jane succeeds in achieving her goals of happiness, equality, and a sense of selfhood because she possesses independence and self-motivation gained from childhood experiences. She therefore goes about achieving her goals in a manner different from Antoinettes. Antoinette lacks the necessary amount of self-motivation and independence needed to achieve her goals.

National Basketball Association-Marketing Plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1395 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2018/12/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Consumer Rights Essay Did you like this example? National Basketball Association (NBA) is one of the topmost basketball leagues in North America. It has a total of thirty teams. The largest percentage of its audience is made of the youthful population. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "National Basketball Association-Marketing Plan" essay for you Create order For instance, 45% of its fans who regularly watch games are aged below 35 years. In addition, males make up the large percentage of NBA fans. Indeed, only 30% percent of the fans are women. Research also shows that 62% of the fans are aged between eighteen and fifty-four years old. According to the available demographics, there are two potential markets segments that are yet to be tapped. These segments include; the population below the age of eighteen years and individuals who are aged above 55 years (Pritchard, 2013). Objectives of National Basket Ball Association (NBA) National Basketball Association will increase the total number of fans by 20 % in the next twelve months. NBA will increase the percentage of its fans aged above 55 years from 25% to 75% in the next one year. The fans aged below 18 years of age will make 25% of the overall percentage of NBA fans in the next 12 months. National Basketball Association Target markets NBA will majorly target the population aged 51 years to 67 years of age. NBA will also target the population below 18 years. These two segments are viable target markets where the organization can grow. For instance, according to demographics, in a group of four NBA fans, only I fan is above 55 years old. This implies that the fans aged 55 years and above many only 25% of the overall audience. As a matter of fact, this is a viable target market. The segment is actually much profitable since it consists of a relatively large population. The number of individuals in this particular age bracket, the so-called Baby Boomers is approximated to be 74.9 million. The association has spent less than 5% on advertising that is geared towards this particular segment. The population has huge amounts to spend. The spending by Baby Boomers is also expected to significantly increase. To add on, Baby Boomers control approximately 70% of the total disposable incomes in the United States. NBA will, ther efore, tap this attractive resourceful segment. National Basketball Association will also target the population under the age of 18 years. The segment consists of individuals who are in their junior schools as well as in high school. These are individuals who have a low buying power since they are not earning. They depend on their parents. These population extensively make use and invest their time on various social media platforms. In addition, they want to be associated or affiliated with celebs and other distinctive role models. According to research, a large percentage of parents in North America steer their children away from some sporting activities such as hockey as well as football. Indeed, basketball is actually more preferred since is presumed to be inexpensive and basketball courts are readily accessible. Due to this social influence, the NBA can actually win the loyalty of consumers below the age of 18 years. Positioning National Basketball Association is competitively positioned in the minds of its consumers. Basketball leagues and games are the major brands of this organization. The brands are recognized all over the globe. National Basketball Association offers competitive games that allow customers to have the firsthand experience. Individuals find leisure and enjoy themselves while watching various basketball games. Individuals who watch NBA games are the firsthand individuals to witness greatness. For instance, an individual is able to witness clutch moments as well as biggest plays regarding their team. Sporting fans feel the actual energies of their fellow fanatics. To add on, NBA consumers watching the live game stimulate the fan in the game to other persons. NBA will adopt distinctive point-of-difference. Firstly, it hosts professional leagues. 3 referees supervise the games thus making them to be fair as well as competitive. Its annual awards meant to recognize team players motivates them to work hard to show their smartness. NBA has innovated unsurpassed model that builds on its brand equity thus making strong performances beyond the borders of the States. National basketball association always offers its teams a weighted opportunity in their games. For instance, in the year 1992, it offered its 27 teams an equal opportunity to relay their choosing in representing their association in Portland. This is a core point-of-parity. Marketing Strategies National basket association will always value the demands of its esteemed customers. Firstly, the national association will offer its professional leagues as well as games as live matches. It will sell tickets to its customers. NBA games will also be shown on various Television stations thus earning from the outstanding television rights. NBA will extensively make use of the media as a distribution channel. The media reaches a wide audience at ago. Customers have a better experiences when they view various games at the comfort of their homes. For instance, NBA should always be par with the technological advancements. NBA did sign a deal in 2014, paying $ 24 billion from the year 2015 to the year 2024. The various NBA games are broadcasted in numerous stations including ABC, ESPN, and NBAtv thus increasing the accessibility of the product. All consumers in the US were able to access the product. The price of a single game will be $ 12.00 and $ 70.00 for customers who prefer watching games produced with aid of virtual reality. Customers will, therefore, be in a position to watch the games from anywhere provided they have an internet access. Competitors may offer lower prices however, NBA will always emphasize on the quality of services offered. Direct sales of services give customers an opportunity to make trials as well as tests in a friendlier environment. Customers get firsthand experience. Customers who watch a live game become firsthand eyewitnesses of the best moments as well as clutch plays (Ryan, 2017). Internet marketing is a fundamental component element in the digital era. For instance, internet marketing enables individuals to conveniently offer various products to customers who are widely spread offer the globe. For example, NBA fans are able to subscribe to various games and watch them online from their comfort of their homeless. NBA can also sell its tickets online. To add on, internet marketing helps overcome distance barriers. An organization can market its products in a cost-effective way reach a wide customer base. An organization can use internet market to personalize it, customers. This is done through the creation of customer profiles. Customer histories, as well as preferences, are therefore easily traced. Customers can use company websites to raise their grievances. The inclusion of social media in internet marketing results has resulted to viable opportunities which make can use to fully exploit its target markets. The organization should greatly make use of interne t marketing to offer its products to their potential as well as prospective customers (Juon, Greiling, Buerkle, 2015). National basketball association will greatly make use internet marketing to communicate to its customers. For instance, it will advertise its games on various social media platforms including; Twitter, Linked In, YouTube and Facebook. Customers will also be able to get information from the NBA website about the leagues to be played and their outcomes. NBA will develop mobile apps that will be used to alert customers to sporting news and other updates. Tactics to support the 4P strategies in 12 months Strategy Evaluation The performance of each strategy will be measured after 3 months. This will help whether the implemented strategy is viable as well as feasible. In-case the strategy is found not to work out, another strategy should be implemented. The various strategies should align to actually align and be compatible with each other. Examining customer tastes and preferences. Customers want to get value for their money. A market research should be done to get knowledge of consumer tastes, knowledge and preferences. The product should therefore very designed to satisfy the needs of customers. Market Research Needs Marketing research helps marketers to identify and have a better understanding of their target markets. For instance, through marketing research, marketers are able to scrutinize and find viable markets and demographics that align with the product being offered. Efforts focused on right segments will give faster results and improve the efficiency levels. These efforts will also lead the various marketing campaigns to yield much fruit and high performance. Secondly, marketing research enables a marketer to have a better understanding of their competitors. For instance, marketing research enables marketers to learn about competitor activities and strategies being used.

Essay on Bullying - 7329 Words

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth Prevalence and Association With Psychosocial Adjustment Tonja R. Nansel, PhD Mary Overpeck, DrPH Ramani S. Pilla, PhD W. June Ruan, MA Bruce Simons-Morton, EdD, MPH Peter Scheidt, MD, MPH ULLYING AMONG SCHOOL-AGED youth is increasingly being recognized as an important problem affecting well-being and social functioning. While a certain amount of conflict and harassment is typical of youth peer relations, bullying presents a potentially more serious threat to healthy youth development. The definition of bullying is widely agreed on in literature on bullying.1-4 Bullying is a specific type of aggression in which (1) the behavior is intended to harm or disturb, (2) the behavior†¦show more content†¦Author Affiliations: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md. Dr Overpeck is now with the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Md; Dr Pilla is now with the University of Illinois at Chicago. Corresponding Author and Reprints: Tonja R. Nansel, PhD, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Blv d, Room 7B05, MSC 7510, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510 (e-mail: nanselt@mail.nih.gov). 2094 JAMA, April 25, 2001—Vol 285, No. 16 (Reprinted)  ©2001 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Downloaded from www.jama.com at Georgetown Univ Med Ctr, on April 2, 2008 BULLYING BEHAVIORS AMONG US YOUTH Research examining characteristics of youth involved in bullying has consistently found that both bullies and those bullied demonstrate poorer psychosocial functioning than their noninvolved peers. Youth who bully others tend to demonstrate higher levels of conduct problems and dislike of school, whereas youth who are bullied generally show higher levels of insecurity, anxiety, depression, loneliness, unhappiness, physical and mental symptoms, and low self-esteem.1-4,8,15-25 Males who are bullied also tend to be physically weakerShow MoreRelatedBullying And Bullying : Bullying1180 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying is defined as unwanted or aggressive behavior that causes someone to feel afraid or intimidated. This behavior could be something physical, verbal, or something done electronically or through social media. 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Maslow Hierarchy Model

Question: for relevant theories you need to use Maslow's needs, alderfer's erg, McClelland etc. and must give examples of workplace, benefits like define it, how it works. Answer: Introduction The paper focuses on generating a discussion relating to different types of motivation theories like Maslows Need Hierarchy Model, Alderfers ERG Theory, Vrooms Expectancy Model and McClellands Need Theory to evaluate the manner the managers and employers are required to motivate the staffs to generate needed performances and productivity. Empirical studies enabled through the use of books, journals and articles would be used to gain required inferences. Application of Motivation Theories Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory can be effectively used in an organisation in terms of enhancing the workplace culture and also has needed impacts on the performances of the employees. It also has effective implications on the human resource management of the organisation. The Needs Theory of Abraham Maslow is reflected in the following illustration. Image 1 (Jerome, 2013) The theory can be effectively used by managers and employers to motivate the staffs and employees in terms of generation of rewards and benefits financial and non-financial, tangible and non-tangible in nature. The same is used by the managers and employers to contribute in effectively motivating the staffs to generate the right quality of performances. Similarly the Need Hierarchy Theory can also be used by the managers to help employees in earning self-actualisation in terms of understanding and evaluating ones potential and skills to contribute in the generation of greater productivity(Jerome, 2013). The safety needs reflected in the need hierarchy pyramid can also be met by the organisational managers in terms of enhancement of workplace safety. Further the need hierarchy theory also contributes in cultivating the organisational culture such that the same helps in meeting the physiological and security related needs of the people. The meeting of the physiological and security related needs of the people rightly contributes in motivating the employees to generate effective performances in the workplace(Msoroka, 2013). Moreover the focus of the managers on development of employee potentials in terms of generation of training programs and also in development of interactions rightly contributes in meeting the social needs of the people. Taking care of the basic physiological and social needs of the people contribute in developing a sense of belongingness for the employees towards the organisation. It helps in developing a sense of loyalty for the organisation thus motivating the peo ple to generate needed performances. Esteem needs of the people are addressed by the organisational managers in terms of recognising their potentials and in appraising such in the public(Kaur, 2013). Alderfers ERG Theory Alderfer ERG Theory evaluates that an individual is motivated based on three types of needs related to Existence, Relatedness and Growth parameters. Existence needs of an individual relate to the need for meeting the physiological and safety needs of the people while Relatedness needs of the individuals reflect on the social, interaction and interpersonal needs of the individual workers. Growth needs of individuals relate to their interest of excelling in their fields and thereby in earning due recognition and social status(Caulton, 2012). The use of the ERG Theory in the workplace can be effectively done in terms of understanding the means to help in meeting the Existence related needs of the people in the workplace. Managers and employers are required to focus on generating effective rewards and benefits both financial and non-financial in addition to development of safety and employee welfare policies. The same contributes in sustaining the employees in the organisation. Existence related needs of the employees are also met by the organisational managers in terms of enhancing the level of job security of the employees in the workplace (Konrad et al., 2013). Similarly the generation of training and skill development programs and also in the encouragement of teamwork in the organisation effectively contributes in meeting the Relatedness needs of the employees can also be developed in terms of encouragement of informal communication in the organisation and also in development of interaction between the different levels of the staffs in the organisation(Konrad et al., 2013). The Growth related needs of the employees and staffs in the organisation relate to the generation of increased opportunities for growth for the managerial staffs. It is evident that the managerial staffs are always in the lookout for better opportunities and thus tend to shift from one organisation to another in search for better opportunities. Organisations are thus required to develop a culture that helps in fostering a culture reflected needed innovation, empowerment and personal growth. The same would contribute in effectively reducing the attrition levels of the managerial workforce in the organisation. Managers and top executives aim to gain an effective organisational culture which would help them in taking the right quality of decisions and also in conducting of social experiments in the organisation to gain new and potential insights(Arnolds Boshoff, 2002). McClellands Need Theory McClellands Theory of Learned Needs reflects three types of needs like the need for power, affiliation and also for achievement related to the organisational managers. The theory tends to identify three specific needs of individuals like need for power, need for achievement and also need for affiliation. Individuals seeking greater power in the organisation focus on governing and monitoring the action of others like the employees and subordinate staffs to help in meeting of departmental and organisational objectives. Individuals with a strong need for achievement focus on meeting goals and objectives in an effective fashion such that it helps them to earn potential success. Finally the individual seeking increased affiliation with others employees, managers and staffs in the organisation focus on developing effective relationships, associations and networks with others in meeting of stated objectives and goals(Napolitano, 2014). The application of McClellands Theory of Motivation can be effectively exercised relating to an organisation. The staffs and managers reflecting increased need for gaining success and achievement are required to be rightly trained in that the same contributes in enhancing their skills and expertise in handling tasks and functions demanding greater responsibilities. Persons desiring increased achievement are observed to have an inclination of handling challenging tasks such that the meeting of the same contributes in generating an enhanced place in the organisation. Thus new and challenging tasks are needed to be offered to the persons desiring achievement and are also generated potential feedbacks from time to time to help in enhancing their skill base and potentials(Strycharczyk Elvin, 2014). On the other hand, the managerial individuals seeking power can be delegated to departments where there is increased competition and thereby requires the effective monitoring and governance of the staffs to contribute in the meeting of desired objectives. Managerial staffs reflecting increased need for affiliation can be encouraged to work based on a team based culture in that the same would contribute in meeting their needs for conducting the tasks in an associated and network driven environment(Worth, 2013). Vrooms Expectancy Theory The expectancy theory developed by Victor Vroom is essentially based on three different variables like value, expectancy and also instrumentality. Value relates to the significance generated to the outcome related to a specific situation. Expectancy relates to the linking of success of the situation gained by an individual to the outcome or result emanating from meeting the situation. Finally the level of instrumentality is related where the expectancy of the outcome earns effective linkage to the outcome resulting from the situation. Motivation is observed by Vroom as the product of the Value, Expectancy and Instrumentality such that Motivation = E x V x I(Burn, 2011). The implication of the Vrooms Expectancy Theory in the workplace is devised based on the following model. (Lunenburg, 2011) The expectancy parameter can be exercised by the managers in terms of making the staffs and employees understand their potential and efforts would lead to generate effective performances. The same can be done by managers in terms of evaluation and selection for the right type of individuals with required skill and knowledge in meeting the objectives and specifications related to a particular job. Further the individuals can be effective trained to contribute in enhancing their skills, know-how and potentials to gain needed confidence and solidarity in meeting the job expectations. Similarly the organisational managers are required to assign needed infrastructural and resource based support to the employees to assist them in meeting of task objectives(Bernstein, 2010). Similarly the organisational managers are continually required to interact with the staffs to contribute in gaining of needed feedbacks from them to enhance the job environment and also take part in problem-solving acti vities to rightly contribute in meeting of tasks in an enhanced and effective fashion. Change of job roles and also assigning employees greater and complex tasks based on training rightly contributes in increasing the confidence levels of the employees to proactively meet the job or task expectations(STEERS et al., 2004). In the second place, the Vrooms expectancy model can be used by the managers to make the employees believe that conducting the right type of performances would contribute in generating the right type of rewards. The same is conducted by the managers in terms of conducting job performance and evaluation of the staffs and thereby in generating rewards based on the performances generated. Historical comparisons can also be generated in terms of highlighting the manner employees have been rewarded for like performances. Thus the rewards desired by the staffs are required to be effectively linked to the performances required of them by the business managers. Effective compensation systems are needed to be set related to the performance levels of the employees Development of incentive plans and piece rate systems are made by managers in terms of linking the volumes sold or produced by the staffs to create needed motivation(Martinko et al., 2002). Finally the managers are also required to enhance the value of rewards generating from desired level of performances. Thus it is required for the managers to decide on the rewards desired or expected by the employees before aligning such with the performances desired or expected of them. It is observed that where some employees desire of earning promotions others focus on gaining of potential monetary and non-monetary incentives as a part of the incentive program. Some other employees also focus on earning of effective recognition and appraisals in terms of the performances conducted by the superiors and managers in the organisation(Hughes, 2012). Some companies have thus focused on the development of different types of incentive and benefit plans to encourage the employees in selecting such to be rewarded to them in terms of the performances conducted. The employees are however required to satiate the job and organisational objectives rather than to focus on the meeting of the group norms. The group norms are observed to require the staffs to generate minimal effort to generate lesser value where the job objectives and the organisation require the employees to generate increased or enhanced performances(Lunenburg, 2011). The above discussion thus reflects the manner in which Vrooms Expectancy Theory can be rightly implemented by the managers in the business organisation to rightly motivate the staffs in generating greater performances. Conclusion The paper effectively analyses different motivation theories like Maslows Need Hierarchy Model, Alderfers ERG Theory, Vrooms Expectancy Model and McClellands Need Theory to understand and evaluate the fashion in which the organisational managers can effectively use such in motivating the staffs to generate needed performances. Both empirical and practical discussions are carried out through the use of secondary research based on the use of books, journals and articles to essentially reflect on the fashion the motivational tools are used and strategically employed to contribute in generating greater productivity and performances related to the different departments and the organisation as a whole. It also reflects on the timeless use of such motivation models and theories related to the motivation of staffs at their respective workplaces. The use of the Maslows Need Hierarchy Model reflects the process in which the managers can effectively design motivational strategies to contribute in meeting of the different types of needs of the staffs to generate needed performances and productivity. Similarly the ERG Model of Alderfer also reflects the fashion in which the Existence, Relatedness and Growth parameters can be rightly addressed by the organisational managers to motivate the people in generating needed performances. Vrooms Expectancy Model in use also reflects the mode of formulating motivation strategies based on meeting the parameters of expectancy, value and the instrumentality parameters to enhance the motivation levels of the staffs. Likewise the McClellands Theory is depicted to be used in meeting the needs of the staffs related to power, achievement and affiliation to thereby encourage them in meeting production and performance objectives. References Arnolds, C.A. Boshoff, C., 2002. Compensation, esteem valence and job performance: an empirical assessment of Alderfer's ERG theory. International Journal of Human Resource Management , 13(4), pp.697-719. Bernstein, D., 2010. Essentials of Psychology. United States : Cengage Learning. Burn, G., 2011. Motivation For Dummies. London : John Wiley and Sons. Caulton, J.R., 2012. The Development and Use of the Theory of ERG: A Literature Review. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 5(1), pp.2-8. Hughes, C., 2012. Valuing People and Technology in the Workplace: A Competitive Advantage Framework: A Competitive Advantage Framework. London : IGI Global. Jerome, N., 2013. Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employee's performance. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(3), pp.39-45. Kaur, A., 2013. Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory: Applications and Criticisms. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(10), pp.1061-64. Konrad, A.M. et al., 2013. Temporary Work, Underemployment and Workplace Accommodations: Relationship to Well-being for Workers with Disabilities. British Journal of Management, 24, pp.367-82. Lunenburg, F.C., 2011. Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Motivating by Altering Expectations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND ADMINISTRATION, 15(1), pp.1-6. Martinko, M.J., Gundlach, M.J. Douglas, S.C., 2002. Toward an Integrative Theory of Counterproductive Workplace Behavior: A Causal Reasoning Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT, 10(1/2), pp.36-50. Msoroka, M., 2013. Motivating Workers in Educational Institutions: Adams' Equity and Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theoretical Implications. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Napolitano, G., 2014. Motivation In The Workplace: A Procter And Gamble Case Study. United States : Babelcube Inc. STEERS, R.M., MOWDAY, R.T. SHAPIRO, D.L., 2004. THE FUTURE OF WORK MOTIVATION THEORY. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), pp.379-87. Strycharczyk, D. Elvin, C., 2014. Developing Resilient Organizations: How to Create an Adaptive, High-Performance and Engaged Organization. United States : Kogan Page Publishers. Worth, M.J., 2013. 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